Tuesday, March 22, 2011

Chapter 3: Triangle Congruence

Lesson 2.8
Angles Formed by Parallel Lines Cut by a Transversal
                                                              (Textbook pages 175-189, 2 sessions)

I.                   Mathematical Concepts and Skills
A.    Parallel lines are coplanar lines that do not intersect.
B.     Skew lines are noncoplanar lines.
C.     Through a point outside a line, there is one and only one line parallel to the given line.
D.    A transversal is a line that intersects two or more coplanar lines at two or more distinct points.
E.     Alternate interior angles are two nonadjacent interior angles on opposite side of a transversal.
F.      Alternate exterior angles are two nonadjacent exterior angles on opposite side of a transversal.
G.    Corresponding angles are two nonadjacent angles, one interior and one exterior on the same side of the transversal.
H.    If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then any pair of alternate interior angles are congruent.
I.       If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then any pair of alternate exterior angles are congruent.
J.       If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the corresponding angles are congruent.
K.    If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the interior angles on the same side of a transversal are supplementary.
L.     If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the exterior angles on the same side of a transversal are supplementary.
M.   In a plane, a line perpendicular to one of the two parallel lines is perpendicular to the other.
II.                Objectives
A.    To differentiate parallel lines from skew lines
B.     To illustrate, identify, and define a transversal
C.     To identify and define angles formed when two lines are cut by a transversal
D.    To illustrate the Parallel Postulate and the Parallel-Alternate Interior Angle Postulate
E.     To prove the following theorems:
1.      Parallel-Alternate Exterior Angle Theorem
2.      Parallel-Corresponding Angle Theorem
3.      Parallel-Interior Angles-Same Side Theorem
4.      Parallel-Exterior Angle-Same Side Theorem
III.             Values Integration
Having initiative
IV.             Materials
manila paper               marker
V.                Instructional Strategy
Discussion
VI.             Procedure
Session 1
A.    Preliminary Activities
1.      Check the assignment.
2.      Recall the Vertical Angle Theorem.
B.     Lesson Proper
1.      Guide the students in identifying and defining parallel lines, skew lines, and transversals.
2.      Illustrate the parallel lines postulate.
3.      Show that when a transversal intersects a pair of lines at two different points, eight angles are formed.
4.      Guide the students in defining the following terms:
a.       Alternate interior angles
b.      Alternate exterior angles
c.       Corresponding angles
5.      Illustrate the Parallel-Alternate Interior Angle Postulate.
6.      Apply the Parallel-Alternate Interior Angle Postulate in proving Theorem 2-14, The Parallel-Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem.
7.      Prove Theorem 2-15. The Parallel-Corresponding Angles Theorem using Theorem 2-14.
8.      Practice Exercises
Ask the students to complete the proof of Theorem 2-16, The Parallel-Interior Angles-Same Side Theorem on page 181 of the textbook.
C.    Assignment
Prove Theorem 2-17 on page 183 of the textbook.

Session 2
A.    Preliminary Activities
1.­Check the assignment.
2.      Recall the definition of linear pair and the definition of supplementary.
B.     Follow-up Lesson
1.      Ask the students to explain Theorem 2-16, The Parallel-Interior       Angles-Same Side Theorem.
2.      Ask the students to complete the proof of Theorem 2-18, The  Perpendicular-Parallel Lines Theorem on page 183 of the textbook.
3.Illustrative Example
   Prove this problem on the board.
   Given: l1  ll  l2
   Prove: <1 is supplementary to <3.

4.      Practice Exercises
a.       Answer Mental Mathematics of Exercise 2.8 (numbers 1-4) on page 184 of the textbook.
b.      Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 2.8 (numbers 1-4) of the textbook on page 185.
C.    Checking for Understanding
     Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 2.8 (numbers 5-10) pages 185-186 of the textbook.
D.    Assignment
     Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 2.8 (numbers 11-20) on pages 186-188 of the textbook.

If there is enough time, solve the Challenge Problems of Exercise 2.8 on page 189 of the textbook.


Lesson 2.9
Proving Lines Parallel
(Textbook pages 190-196, 2 sessions)

I.                   Mathematical Concepts and Skills
A.    If two lines are cut by a transversal and a pair of alternate interior angles are congruent, then the lines are parallel.
B.     If two lines are cut by a transversal and a pair of alternate exterior angles are congruent, then the lines are parallel.
C.     If two lines are cut by a transversal and a pair of corresponding angles are congruent, then the lines are parallel.
D.    If two lines are cut by a transversal so that the interior angles on the same side of the transversal are supplementary, then the lines are parallel.
E.     In a plane, if two lines are perpendicular to the same line, then they are parallel to each other.
II.                Objective
To state, prove, and apply the theorems that can be used to prove lines parallel
III.             Values Integration
The importance of cooperation
IV.             Materials
manila paper               marker
V.                Instructional Strategy
Small Group Discussion
VI.             Procedure
Session 1
A.    Preliminary Activity
Check the assignment.
B.     Lesson Proper
1.      Explain Postulate 15, the Alternate Interior-Parallel Postulate.
2.      Prove Theorem 2-19, the Alternate Exterior Angles-Parallel  Theorem.
3.      Divide the students into six groups. Ask the first two groups to prove Theorem 2-20, the second two groups to prove Theorem 2-21, and the last two groups to prove Theorem 2-22.
4.      Tell the groups to write their proofs on manila paper. A member of each group will be asked to explain the group’s work.
5.      Apply the theorems in computations.
6.      Practice Exercises
a.       Answer Mental Mathematics of Exercise 2.9 (numbers 1-6) on page 193 of the textbook.
b.      Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 2.9 (numbers 1-4) on page 194 of the textbook.
C.    Assignment
      Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 2.9 (numbers 5-7) on page 194 of the textbook.

Session 2
A.    Preliminary Activity
Check the assignment.
B.     Follow-up Lesson
1.      Illustrative Example
Prove this problem.
Given: <ADC is congruent to <CBA
            <1 is congruent to <2
Prove: AD  ll  CB
2.      Practice Exercises
     Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 2.9 (numbers 12-14) on page 195 of the textbook.
C.    Checking for Understanding
            Work on Written Mathematics of Exercise 2.9 (numbers 9, 10, and 14) on page 195 of the textbook.
D.    Assignment
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 2.9 (numbers 15-17) on page 195 of the textbook.

If there is enough time, solve the Challenge Problems of Exercise 2.9 on page 196 of the textbook.


CHAPTER             Triangle Congruence
        3

Lesson 3.1
Conditions for Triangle Congruence
(Textbook pages 204-226, 3 sessions)

I.        Mathematical Concepts and Skills
A.    Two triangles are congruent if their corresponding parts are congruent.
B.     Congruence for triangles is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.
C.     If three sides of one triangle are congruent to three sides of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
D.    If two sides and the included angle of one triangle are congruent to two sides and the included angle of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
E.     If two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to two angles and the included side of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
F.      If two angles and a non-included side of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding parts of another triangle, respectively, then the triangles are congruent.
G.    The SSS Postulate, SAS Postulate, ASA Postulate, and the SAA Theorem are used to prove that two triangles are congruent.
II.          Objectives
A.    Illustrate and define congruent triangles.
B.     Prove that congruence for triangles is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.
C.     Use inductive skills to establish the conditions or correspondence sufficient to guarantee congruence between triangles.
D.    Apply deductive skills to show congruence between triangles.
III.       Values Integration
The need to be honest and the importance of curiosity.
IV.       Materials
bond paper                        ruler
Pair of scissors      protractor
V.          Instructional Strategies
A.    Whole Class Discussion
B.     Practical Work
VI.       Procedure
Session 1
A.    Preliminary Activities
1.Check the assignment.
2.Recall the definition of congruent triangles.
3.Recall Theorem 2-3: Congruence for angles is an equivalence
B.     Lesson Proper
1.      Ask the students to draw any triangle. Tell them to cut out their paper triangle and then paste it on two sheets of bond paper.
2.      Ask the students to compare the two triangles. If they find difficulties comparing the two triangles, tell them to do the following. Tell them also that being curious is very important in mathematics.
a.             measure their angles using protractor
b.            measure their sides using a ruler
3. Introduce the terms corresponding angles, corresponding sides, and   congruent triangles including the symbol “↔” for correspondence.
4. Ask what makes two triangles congruent.
5. Prove Theorem 3-1.
6. Tell the students to work with a partner and work on Explore on page 208 of the textbook.
7. Practice Exercises
a. Answer Mental Mathematics of Exercise 3.1 (numbers 1-5) on page 218 of the textbook.
b. Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.1 (numbers 1 and 2) on pages 220-221 of the textbook.
C. Assignment
               Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.1 (numbers 3-7) on pages 221-222 of the textbook.

Session 2
A.    Preliminary Activities
1. Check the assignment.
2. Recall the three Congruence Postulates for Triangles.
B.     Follow-up Lesson
1.      Illustrative Examples
Use the example on page 212 of the textbook.
   2. Explain the proof of SAA Theorem.
   3. Practice Exercises
            Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.1 (numbers 8-11) on page 223 of the textbook.
C.    Assignment
      Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.1 (numbers 12 and 13) on page 224 of the textbook.

Session 3
A.    Preliminary Activities
1.      Check the assignment.
2.      Recall the SAA Theorem.
B.     Follow-up Lesson
1.      Illustrative Examples
Use the example on page 213 of the textbook.
2.      Practice Exercises
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.1 (numbers 14-16) on page 224 of the textbook.
C.    Checking for Understanding
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.1 (numbers 17 and 18) on page 225 of the textbook. Cover your work to be honest.
D.    Assignment
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.1 (numbers 19 and 20) on page 225 of the textbook.

Lesson 3.2
Applying the Conditions for Triangle Congruence
(Textbook pages 227-238, 2 sessions)

I.       Mathematical Concepts and Skills
A.    The corresponding parts of two triangles can be approved congruent by using the definition of congruent triangles, the congruence postulates for triangles, and the SAA Theorem.
B.     Every angle has exactly one bisector.
II.    Objectives
A.    To prove the corresponding parts of two congruent triangles are congruent.
B.     To apply the congruence postulates in proving triangles are congruent.
III.  Values Integration
Tolerance for the feelings, actions, and attitudes of others
IV.       Materials
manila paper            marker
V.    Instructional Strategies
A.    Discussion
B.     Discovery
VI.  Procedure
Session 1
A.    Preliminary Activities
1.      Check the assignment.
2.      Recall the following:
a. SSS Postulate
b. SAS Postulate
c. ASA Postulate
d. SAA Postulate
B.  Lesson Proper
      1. Present the following triangles on the board:







2. Ask the students to complete the following:

a.        AB is congruent to ___
b. BC is congruent to ___
c.  AC is congruent to ___
d.                                                       <A is congruent to ___
e.  <B is congruent to ___
f.  <C is congruent to ___
3.      The students should see that when two triangles are congruent their corresponding sides and corresponding angles are also congruent.
4.      Give illustrative examples on how to prove the corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent.
5.      Prove the Angle Bisector Theorem.
6.      Practice Exercises.
a.       Answer the Mental Mathematics of Exercise 3.2 (numbers 1-4) on page 232 of the textbook.
b.      Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.2 (numbers 1-3) on page 233 of the textbook.
C.  Assignment
         Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.2 (numbers 4-8) on page 234 of the textbook.

Session 2
A.    Preliminary Activities
1.  Check the assignment.
2.      Recall the definition of angle bisector and the definition of perpendicular.
B.     Follow-up Lesson
1.      Illustrative Example
      Use the example on page 231 of the textbook.
2. Practice Exercises
            Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.2 (numbers 9-12) on page 236 of the textbook.
C.    Checking for Understanding
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.2 (numbers 13-16) on page 236 of the textbook.
Tell the students to be honest in doing the exercises.
D.    Assignment
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.2 (numbers 17-20) on 237 for the textbook.

If there is enough time, solve the Challenge Problems of Exercise 3.2 on page 238 of the textbook.

Lesson 3.3
Congruence and Inequality Properties in an Isosceles Triangle
(Textbook pages 239-252, 3 sessions)


I.       Mathematical Concepts and Skills
A.    If two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the angles opposite these sides.
B.     Every equilateral triangle is equiangular.
C.     Each angle of an equilateral triangle has a measure of 60°.
D.    If two angles of a triangle are congruent, then the sides opposite these angles are congruent.
E.     Every equiangular triangle is equilateral.
F.      If one side of the triangle is longer than the second side, then the measure of the angle opposite the longer side is greater than the measure of the angle opposite the shorter side.
G.    If one angle of the triangle is larger than another angle, then the side opposite the larger angle is longer than the side opposite the smaller angle.
H.    If two sides of a triangle are congruent to two sides of a second triangle and the included angle of the first triangle has a greater measure than the included angle of the second triangle, then the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second triangle.
I.       If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of a second triangle and the included angle of the first triangle has a greater measure than the included angle of the second triangle, then the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second triangle.
II.    Objectives
A.    Prove and apply the Isosceles Triangle Theorem and its converse.
B.     Prove that every equilateral triangle is equiangular.
C.     Prove that every equiangular triangle is equilateral.
D.    Prove that every angle of an equilateral has a measure of 60°.
E.     Prove that if one side of a triangle is longer than a second side, then the measure of the angle opposite the longer side is greater than the measure of the angle opposite the shorter side.
F.      Prove that if one angle of a triangle is longer than another angle, then the side opposite the larger angle is longer than the side opposite the smaller angle.
G.    Prove and apply the Hinge Theorem and its converse.
III. Values Integration
        The importance of joint effort in accomplishing a given task
IV. Materials
       ruler             protractor        straws
V. Instructional Strategies
     A. Discussion
     B. Group Work
     C. Practical Work in Small Groups
VI. Procedure
       Session 1
A.    Preliminary Activities
1.      Check the assignment.
2.      Recall the definition of isosceles triangle.
B.     Lesson Proper
1.      Remind the students about the importance of joint effort in accomplishing a given task and then tell them to do the following activity in pairs.

a. Draw an isosceles triangle ABC with base BC.
b. Using a protractor and a ruler, bisect the vertex angle BAC.
c. Let the bisector intersect BC at point D.
d. With a protractor measure <BAD and <CAD.
2.   Ask the following questions:
      a. Why are <BAD and <CAD  congruent?
b. Is side AB congruent to side AC? Why?
c. Is side AD congruent to itself? Why?
      d. Can you now conclude that ∆BAD is congruent to ∆CAD? Why?
      e. Is <B congruent to <C? Why?
3.  Explain the proof of the Isosceles Triangle Theorem and Theorem 3-5.
4.  Practice Exercises
      a. Answer Mental Mathematics of Exercise 3.3 (numbers 1-5) on page 246 of the textbook.
      b. Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.3 (numbers 1 and 2) on pages 247-248 of the textbook.
C. Assignment
            Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.3 (numbers 3 and 4) on page 249 of the textbook.

Session 2
A.   Preliminary Activities
1.    Check the assignment.
2.    Recall the Angle Addition Postulate, Theorem 2-10, and Theorem 2-11.
B.   Follow-up Lesson
1.    Divide the students in small groups. Tell them to do the following activities.
Activity 1
a.    Draw a scalene triangle.
b.    Measure each side of the triangle in centimetres.
c.    Label the longest side AB and the shortest side BC
d.    Measure the angle opposite to AB and the angle opposite AC. Compare their measurements
e.    Measure the angle opposite to BC. Compare its measure with the measure of the angle opposite AB.
f.     Compare the measurement to the angle opposite AC with the measure of the angle opposite BC.
g.    What can you conclude?
Activity 2
a.    Draw a scalene triangle.
b.    Label the angle which seems to have the largest measure A, and the angle which seems to have the smallest measure B.
c.    Measure each angle and the side opposite each angle.
d.    What can you conclude?
2.    Complete the proof of the Angle Side Inequality Theorem.
3.    Explain the proof of Theorem 3-6: The Side Angle Inequality Theorem.
4.    Illustrative Example
Use the examples on page 244 of the textbook.
5.    Practice Exercises
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.3 (number 5) on page 249 of the textbook.
C.   Checking for Understanding
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.3 (numbers 11-16) on the page 250 of the textbook.
D.   Assignment
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.3 (numbers 17-20) on page 251.
           
If there is enough time, solve the Challenge Problems of Exercise 3.3 on page 252 of the textbook.

Lesson 3.4
Overlapping Triangles
(textbook pages 253-261, 1 session)

I.              Mathematical Concepts and Skills
A.   A geometric figure may be made up of two or more overlapping triangles.
B.   To prove overlapping triangles, it is better to mentally separate or redraw into separate figures.
II.            Objective
To prove that overlapping triangles are congruent
III.           Values Integration
The value of hard-work
IV.          Materials
Wires
Rulers
V.           Instructional Strategies
A.   Practical Work
B.   Discussion
VI.          Procedure
A.   Preliminary Activities
1.    Check the assignment.
2.    Recall the Three Congruence Postulate for Triangles.
B.   Lesson Proper
1.    Using wires, make two congruent triangles.
2.    Let two triangles overlap.



 




After doing the activity, ask the students whether they find it easy to make two congruent triangles using wires. Tell them t hat life is not always a bed of roses. One must work hard to succeed in life.
3.    Write a problem using a figure similar to the overlapping triangles made of wires.             A                                      D
Given:   AB ≈ DC
              AC ≈ DB
Prove: ΔABC ≈ ΔDCB
                                          B                                      C
4.  Tell the students to redraw the overlapping triangles into separate     figure. Then ask them to write a proof.
5. Practice Exercise
                                    a. Answer the Mental Mathematics of Exercise 3.4 (numbers 1-4)
                                    on page 255 of the textbook.
                                    b. Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.4 (numbers 1-4) on
                                    on pages 256-257
C.   Checking for Understanding
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.4 (numbers 5-8) on page 258 of the textbook.
D.   Assignment
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.4 (numbers 9-13) on page 259 of the textbook.

Lesson 3.5
Right Triangle Congruence and Problems Involving Altitudes and Medians
(Textbook pages 262-275, 3 sessions)
I.              Mathematical Concepts and Skills
A.   If two legs of a right triangle are congruent to the corresponding leg of another right triangle, then two triangles are congruent.
B.   If one leg and one acute angle of a right triangle are congruent to the corresponding leg and acute angle of another right triangle, then the two right triangles are congruent.
C.   If the hypotenuse and one leg of a right triangle are congruent to the corresponding hypotenuse and leg of another right triangle, then the two right triangles are congruent.
D.   If the hypotenuse and one acute angle of a right triangle mare congruent to the corresponding hypotenuse and acute angle of another right triangle, then the two right triangles are congruent.
II.            Objectives
A.   Identify the parts of a right triangle
B.   Prove and apply the following theorems:
a.    Leg-Leg Congruence Theorem
b.    Leg-Acute Angle Congruence Theorem
c.    Hypotenuse-Leg Congruence Theorem
d.    Hypotenuse-Acute Angle Congruence Theorem
C.   Solve problems involving altitudes and medians
III.           Values Integration
The need to act with prudence
IV.          Materials
Manila paper
Marker
V.           Instructional Strategy
Discussion
VI.          Procedure

Session 1
A.   Preliminary Activities
1.    Check the assignment.
2.    Recall the SAS Postulate.
B.   Lesson Proper
1.    Draw a right triangle on a manila paper. Post the manila paper on the board. Ask one student to identify its parts.
2.    Ask the students to enumerate all the postulates, definitions, and theorems that can be used to prove that two triangles are congruent.
3.    Guide the students in proving the Leg-Leg Congruence Theorem and the Hypotenuse-Leg Congruence Theorem.
4.    Practice Exercises
Prove the Leg-Acute Angle Congruence Theorem and the Hypotenuse-Acute Angle Congruence Theorem. Tell the students that they should be careful in writing the proof to avoid erroneous steps and reasons. Even in life, it is always better to act with prudence.
C.   Assignment
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.5 (numbers 1-5) on page 272 of the textbook.

                                    Session 2
A.   Preliminary Activities
1.    Check the assignment.
2.    Recall the Isosceles Triangle Theorem, the SAS, ASA, SSS Postulates, and the SAA Theorem.
B.   Follow-up Lesson
1.    Illustrative Examples
Use the examples on page 263 of the textbook.
2.    Practice Exercises
a.    Answer the Mental Mathematics of Exercise 3.5 (numbers 1-6) on page 271 of the textbook.
b.    Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.5 (numbers 1-5) on page 272 of the textbook.
C.   Assignment
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.5 (numbers 6-4) on page 273 of the textbook.

Session 3
A.   Preliminary Activities
1.    Check the assignment.
2.    Recall the definition of altitude and definition of median.
B.   Follow-up Lesson
1.    Illustrative Examples
Use the example on page 268 of the textbook.
2.    Practice Exercises
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.5 (numbers 10-13) on page 274 of the textbook.
C.   Checking for Understanding
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.5 (numbers 14-15) on page 274 of the textbook.
D.   Assignment
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.5 (numbers 16-18) on page 275 of the textbook.

If there is enough time, solve the Challenge Problems of Exercise 3.5 on page 275 of the textbook.

Lesson 3.6
Theorems Related to Bisectors and Perpendicular Lines
(Textbook pages 276-288, 2 sessions)

I.              Mathematical Concepts and Skills
A.   The distance from a point to a line is the length of the perpendicular segment from the point of the line.
B.   A point on the bisector of an angle is equidistant from the sides of the angle.
C.   A point equidistant from the sides of an angle lies on the bisector of an angle.
D.   A point on the perpendicular bisector of a segment is equidistant from the endpoint of a segment.
E.   A point equidistant from the endpoint of a segment lies on the perpendicular bisector of the segment.
F.    If a line contains two points each of which is equidistant from the endpoints of a segment, then the line is the perpendicular bisector of the segment.
G.   On a plane through a given point on a line, there is exactly one line perpendicular to the line.
H.   There is one and only one line perpendicular to a given line from an external point.
II.            Objectives
A.   Define the distance from a point to a line
B.   Prove and apply the theorems about bisectors and perpendicular lines
III.           Value Integration
Practicality
IV.          Materials
Coin
Ruler or tape measure
V.           Instructional Strategies
A.   Whole Class Discussion
B.   Practical Work
VI.          Procedure

Session 1
A.   Preliminary Activities
1.    Check the Assignment.
2.    Recall the definition of perpendicular
B.   Lesson Proper
1.    Put a coin on the floor. Have one student measure the distance from one coin to one of the walls of the room.
2.    Draw a line and external point on the board. Ask one student to determine the distant from the point to the line.

 


3.    Ask another student to draw a perpendicular segment from the external point to the line. Then tell the student to measure the length of the segment.
 




Ask whether the length of the segment is equal to the distance from the external point to the line.
4.    Ask the students to define the distance from an external point to the line. Ask them to relate the activity to something they have done before. Did they use their past experiences in doing the task? Ask them the importance of practicality in life.
5.    Discuss the proof of Theorem 3-14 and Theorem 3-16
6.    Practice Exercise
Prove Theorem 3-15
C.   Assignment
1.    Study the proof of Theorem 3-17, Corollary 3-17.1, and Theorem 3-18
2.    Prove Theorem 3-19

Session 2
A.   Preliminary Activities
1.    Check the assignment
2.    Recall the definition of a linear pair and the Linear Pair Postulate
B.   Follow-up Lesson
1.    Prove Theorem 3-17, Corollary 3-17.1, and Theorem 3-18
2.    Illustrative Example
Explain the proof of this problem.
Given: AD ┴ bisector of BC
Prove: ΔABC is isosceles
                                 A
 




                B                 D         C
3.    Practice Exercises
a.    Answer Mental Mathematics of Exercise 3.6 (numbers 1-5) on page 284 of the textbook.
b.    Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.6 (number 1-6) on page 285 of the textbook.
C.   Checking for Understanding
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 3.6 (numbers 7-10) on page 286-287 of the textbook.

If there is enough time, solve the Challenge Problems of Exercise 3.6 on pages 288 of the textbook.

Lesson 4.1
Types of Quadrilaterals and their Properties
(Textbook pages 296-307, 3 sessions)

I.      Mathematical Concepts and Skills
A.   A diagonal of a parallelogram forms two congruent triangles.
B.   In a parallelogram, any two opposite angles are congruent
C.   In a parallelogram, any two consecutive angles are supplementary
D.   In a parallelogram, any two opposite sides are congruent
E.   The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other
F.    If two lines are parallel, then all points of each line are equidistant from the other line.
II.   Objectives
A.   Recall previous knowledge on the different types of quadrilaterals
B.   Apply inductive and deductive skills to derive the properties of a parallelogram
C.   Apply the theorems about the properties of parallelograms
III. Values Integration
      Carefulness in accomplishing a task
IV. Materials
      geoboard
      rubber bands
V.  Instructional Strategies
      A. Practical Work
      B. Discussion
VI. Procedure

      Session 1
A.   Preliminary Acqtivities
1.    Check the Assignment
2.    Recall the types of quadrilaterals
B.   Lesson Proper
1.    Tell the students to do the following activity. Remind the students to be always careful in doing their task
a.    Using a geoboard and rubber bands, make quadrilaterals with the following descriptions:
·         A quadrilateral in which both pairs of opposite sides are parallel
·         A parallelogram with four right angles
·         A parallelogram with four congruent sides
·         A rectangle with four congruent sides
·         A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides
b.    Each time you are finished making one of the quadrilaterals, ask your seatmate these questions: “What type of quadrilateral is on my geoboard? Why?”
2.    Ask the students to work on Explore on pages 297-298 of the textbook.
3.    Discuss the proofs of Theorems 4-1, 4-2, 4-3. 4-4. And 4-5
4.    Practice Exercises
a.    Answer Mental Mathematics of Exercise 4.1 (numbers 1-6) on page 303 of the textbook
b.    Prove Corollary 4-1.1
C.   Assignment
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 4.1 (numbers 1-4) on page 304 of the textbook.

Session 2                                                              
A.   Preliminary Activities
1.    Check the assignment
2.    Recall the Systems of Linear Equations
B.   Follow-up Lesson
1.    Illustrative Examples
Explain the proof of this problem
Given: Quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram
            1 ≈ 2
Prove: 3 ≈ 4

              D                          4       C
1                           2            
                          A      3    




2.    Practice Exercises
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 4.1 (numbers 5-7) on page 304 of the textbook
C.   Assignment
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 4.1 (numbers 8-10) on page 305 of the textbook.

Session 3
A.   Preliminary Activities
1.    Check the assignment.
2.    Recall Theorems 4-1 to 4-5
B.   Follow-up Lesson
1.    Illustrative Examples
Given: Quadrilateral CDEF is a parallelogram
            FH = DH
Prove: Δ GDE ≈ ΔHOC
      F      G                          E             
                  
                        O                             
               C                            H      D
2.    Practice Exercises
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 4.1 (numbers 11-13) page 305 of the textbook.
C.   Checking for Understanding      
Solve Written Mathematics of Exercise 4.1 (numbers 16 and 17) on page 306 of the textbook.

If there is enough time, solve Challenge Problems of Exercise 4.1 on page 307 of the textbook.

Lesson 4.2
Properties of the Diagonals of Special Quadrilaterals
(Textbook pages 308-314, 2 sessions)

I. Mathematical Concepts and Skills
A. The diagonals of a rectangle are congruent
B. The diagonals of a square bisect the vertex angle
C. The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular
D. Each diagonal of a rhombus, bisects the opposite angles of the rhombus
E. If a parallelogram has at least one right angle, then it is a rectangle
F. If the diagonals of a parallelogram are perpendicular, then the parallelogram is a rhombus

II. Objectives
A.   Apply inductive and deductive skills to derive the additional properties of rectangles, rhombi, and squares.
B.   Apply the Theorems about rhombi, rectangles and squares
III. Values Integration
            The importance of cooperation in accomplishing a task.





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